Fixture materials are a core element in fixture manufacturing, directly affecting the fixture's strength, wear resistance, and service life. Based on application and performance requirements, they are mainly divided into the following three categories:
1. Metallic Materials
- Carbon steel (e.g., 45# steel, Q235): Low cost, easy to process, suitable for general fixtures, but with poor wear resistance. Hardness is typically HRC20-30 (refer to the *Mechanical Design Handbook*).
- Alloy steel (e.g., 40Cr, GCr15): Hardness can be increased through heat treatment (HRC50-60), used for high-load fixtures, such as automotive welding fixtures.
- Stainless steel (e.g., 304, 316): Corrosion resistant, suitable for food and medical industry fixtures, but more expensive.
2. Non-metallic Materials
- Engineering plastics (e.g., nylon, PEEK): Lightweight, insulating, suitable for electronic assembly fixtures, temperature resistance up to 250℃ (PEEK data source: Victrex technical report).
- Composite materials (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced plastics): High strength and fatigue resistance, used in aerospace fixtures, but expensive.
3. Special materials
- Carbide (e.g., YG8): Hardness HRA90 or higher, used in precision grinding fixtures, but brittle.
- Ceramic materials (e.g., alumina): High temperature resistance (>1500℃), but brittle, limited to special working conditions.
